Sulfur dioxide can mix with water vapour in the air precipitate down on earth as acid rain. As a result, your brain and other tissues get less oxygen. When you inhale carbon monoxide , it replaces the oxygen that is normally carried by the hemoglobin in your red blood cells. State the adverse effect of common air pollutants on buildings and on health.Ĭarbon monoxide is a poisonous gas.Global warming also reduces rainfall leading to less food production. Due to global warming over the years, polar ice caps are melting, leading to a rise in sea levels causing flooding on land. However, increasing levels of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide can increase the heat on earth and cause what is known as global warming. If there were no greenhouse gases, the earth would be very cold. These greenhouse gases, thus keep the earth hot. But it is also released from burning of fossil fuels in power stations, factories and vehicles.Ī greenhouse gas is a gas that absorbs heat energy and stop the heat from escaping into space. Explain why the proportion of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is increasing, and why this is important.Ĭarbon dioxide is naturally present in the atmosphere.Nitric oxide-–> nitrogen + oxygen nitric dioxide-> nitrogen + oxygenĬarbon monoxide, which is also produced in the exhaust is oxidised to carbon dioxide The catalytic converter first reduces the nitrogen oxides to nitrogen.ĢNO(g) -–> N 2(g) + O 2(g) & 2NO 2(g) -> N 2(g) + 2O 2(g) So in order to stop nitrogen oxides from being released, a catalytic converter is placed in exhausts of vehicles. Nitrogen oxides formed in car exhausts due to heat and pressure can combine with hydrocarbons (compound that contain hydrogen and carbon) and other compounds in the atmosphere to form smog- a smoky fog. Explain the presence of oxides of nitrogen in car exhausts and their catalytic removal.Sulfur dioxide is also released by volcanoes Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide both come from the burning of fossil fuels. State the common air pollutants as carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen, and describe their sources.Ĭarbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen pollute the air.Ĭarbon monoxide is released when there is incomplete combustion- where there is not enough oxygen to burn a fuel completely, water and carbon monoxide are formed.Describe the composition of clean air as being a mixture of 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen and small quantities of noble gases, water vapour and carbon dioxide.The liquid oxygen is collected from the bottom. The nitrogen evaporates first because it has a lower boiling point and rises to the top and collected. This liquid air is fed into the distillation column. The air is cooled and compressed several times until it becomes liquid air. Let’s look at how oxygen and nitrogen are seperated using fractional distillation (to recall what fractional distillation is, click here). Gases in the air as used for various purposes, but they need to be separated from one another first. Describe the separation of oxygen and nitrogen from liquid air by fractional distillation.In agriculture, water is used on farms for watering crops and feeding animals.Īt home, water is used for drinking, cooking, washing and cleaning purposes. Water is also used to generate electrical power (through hydroelectric power stations or by using steam to drive turbines). Water is used in factories as a solvent for many chemicals and as a coolant to stop industrial processes from getting too hot. State some of the uses of water in industry and in the home.Afterwards, the water is chlorinated (treated with chlorine) to get rid of bacteria that couldn’t be removed through filtration. Filtration is used to separate insoluble substances from the water. It may contain bacteria, dead animals and plants, dirt etc. Water from lakes and rivers are not pure. Describe and explain, in outline, the purification of the water supply by filtration and chlorination.ĬuSO 4(s) + 5H 2O(l) -–> CuSO 4.5H 2O(s)Īnhydrous copper(II) sulfate + water -> hydrated copper(II)sulfateĪlternatively, you can also use anhydrous cobalt chloride which changes from blue to pink when water is added.ĬoCl 2(s) + 9H 2O(l) -–> CoCl 2.6H 2O(s)Īnhydrous cobalt(II) chloride + water-> hydrated cobalt(II) chloride When you add water to anhydrous copper(II)sulfate, it will turn blue. Anhydrous means there is no water in the compound. One test to identify water is to pour the substance being tested to anhydrous copper(II)sulfate. We apologise for the inconvenience, but hope that the new images will provide you with an even better learning experience. Disclaimer: Due to unforeseen difficulties, we have had to take down the images on this notes page.
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